What are the main treatment technologies for solid waste recycling?

For various types of solid waste, although China has developed a large number of technical solutions for reduction, harmlessness, and resource disposal, the comprehensive utilization technical means are single, the industrial concentration is low, and there is a lack of independent advanced core technologies and innovation capabilities; Solid waste is still disposed of by methods such as passive storage, landfilling, incineration, carbonization, and microbial treatment. During the disposal process, there are problems of excessive energy consumption and secondary carbon emissions, which have an impact on the ecological environment; these disposal plans still require further innovation and Optimization, market demand will also force the innovative development, transformation and upgrading of the solid waste comprehensive utilization industry. Therefore, in-depth research and development of new materials, new processes, and new technologies is the only way to increase the value of solid waste utilization. So, what are the main treatment technologies for solid waste recycling?

1. Compaction technology

Compaction is a pretreatment technology that reduces the volume of solid waste, reduces transportation costs, and extends the life of landfills. Compaction is a commonly used pretreatment method for solid waste, such as cars, cans, and plastic bottles. etc. are usually treated by compaction.

2. Crushing technology

In order to reduce the shape of solid waste entering incinerators, landfills, composting systems, etc., the solid waste must be crushed in advance. The crushed solid waste is not only uniform in size due to the elimination of large gaps , and the texture is also uniform and compacted during the landfill process. There are many methods for crushing solid waste, the main one being shear crushing. The most widely used and most effective solid waste crusher is the shear crusher.

3. Sorting technology

Solid waste sorting is an important means to realize the resource utilization and reduction of solid waste. Through sorting, the useful ones are fully selected and utilized, and the harmful ones are fully separated. The other is to separate the solid wastes of different granularity levels. The basic principle of separation and sorting is to use the differences in certain properties of materials to separate them.

4. Incineration and pyrolysis technology

The incineration method is a comprehensive treatment process of high temperature decomposition and deep oxidation of solid waste. The advantage is that a large amount of harmful waste is decomposed into harmless substances. Pyrolysis is to heat organic matter at high temperature (1000℃-1200℃) under anaerobic or anoxic conditions to decompose it into three types of products: gas, liquid and solid. Compared with incineration, pyrolysis is a more promising treatment method. , its most significant advantage is that it requires less infrastructure investment, and the gas produced after pyrolysis can be used as fuel.

5.Cure processing technology

Solidification technology is a harmless treatment process that adds solidified substrates to waste to fix or contain harmful solid wastes in inert solidified substrates. The processed solidified products should have good anti-permeability, good It has mechanical properties, resistance to leaching, resistance to dryness and moisture, and resistance to freeze-thaw. Its core product is soil external curing agent.

6. Biological treatment technology

Biological treatment technology uses microorganisms to decompose organic solid waste to make it harmless. It can convert organic solid waste into energy, food, feed and fertilizer. It can also be used to extract metals from waste products and waste residues. It is a solid waste resource. The effective technical methods of biomassification are widely used nowadays: composting, biogas production, sugar production from waste cellulose, feed production from waste fiber, bioleaching, etc.